~ Over 36 percent of newly married women in Goa are affected by anaemia, a significant public health concern.
~ Untreated anaemia can affect pregnancy outcomes, lead to chronic fatigue and impair cognitive development in future children.
Even as the State Family Welfare Bureau recently revealed that an alarming 36 percent of newly married women in Goa were found suffering from anaemia caused by iron deficiency, simple addition of easily available and affordable foods like jaggery, papaya, carrots and drumsticks can help overcome anaemia, according to Dr Vijay Naik, senior consultant physician at Healthway Hospitals in Old Goa.
These findings released by the Bureau have raised concerns among healthcare professionals about their long-term health implications for young women, especially those planning for pregnancy. The statistics revealed by the Bureau said that out of 948 males who were tested, 181 (19 percent) were found to be anaemic. While 382 (36.52 percent) of the 1046 women tested were diagnosed with anaemia. The tests were conducted in 2023 by the State Family Welfare Bureau, as part of its programme to assess serious health risks associated with anaemia in Goa.
Anaemia, characterised by low haemoglobin levels, can lead to severe health complications if left untreated, according to Dr Naik, who also emphasised the importance of early detection of anaemia in women of reproductive age.
“Anaemia in women is often caused by iron deficiency due to inadequate nutrition, menstrual irregularities or even worm infestations, which are more prevalent in rural areas. Early detection is crucial because, if untreated, it can lead to significant health issues for both the mother and the child during pregnancy,” said Dr Naik.
The medical expert also said that a well-balanced diet is essential for maintaining healthy haemoglobin levels, which necessitates the incorporation of iron-rich foods such as leafy vegetables, like spinach. Other vegetables like carrots, beetroot and fruits such as papaya are also excellent sources of iron. Dry fruits, including dates and almonds, provide additional iron and essential nutrients, he said.
“For individuals who consume non-vegetarian food, options like organ meats (liver), crabs, red meat and eggs are rich in iron. Drumsticks and brown rice are also good sources of iron. Traditional jaggery, a healthier alternative to sugar, offers added iron content and can be incorporated into meals,” he also said.
According to Dr Naik, the normal haemoglobin range for women is between 11 and 13 milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL). However, due to factors like menstruation and increased nutritional demands during adolescence, many young women in Goa experience a gradual drop in haemoglobin levels.
“The mismatch between demand and supply of iron during puberty and adolescence can lead to mild anaemia, which often goes unnoticed. Unfortunately, many young women are unaware of the signs and symptoms of anaemia, such as fatigue, reduced concentration, hair loss and pale skin,” explained Dr Naik.
The implications of untreated anaemia are especially concerning for women planning to conceive. “Anaemia during pregnancy can lead to complications like premature delivery, low birth weight and even maternal health risks, including haemorrhage during childbirth and cardiac complications,” Dr Naik added. He stressed that addressing anaemia before pregnancy through iron supplementation and proper nutrition can significantly improve outcomes for both mother and child.
With anaemia prevalence higher in rural areas, the government’s health programs are currently focused on increasing awareness about the condition and ensuring that iron supplements and dietary education reach vulnerable populations. Dr Naik urged newly married women and young adults to get tested for anaemia, emphasising that early intervention can help prevent severe health risks in the future for both the mother and the child.
